There are many kinds
There are natural leather, synthetic leather, imported PU, domestic PU, plastic, cloth, animal fur and so on. The most widely produced and most widely used leather material is cow leather. Cow leather is the most durable, and cowhide from two to three years old is the best. Others such as pig skin, goat skin, snake skin, crocodile skin, etc. are also very durable. The real cowhide bag is based on the first layer of leather. Like my men’s boutique bags, some are equipped with leather, and some GG don’t understand what is with leather. To put it simply, the matching leather is mainly made of rubber and contains cowhide. The quality is very good, not easy to break and not easy to deform. . Strong resistance to weight.
Leather division is the basic knowledge that the leather care industry and consumers need to master. Modern leather processing technology is more and more advanced, and there are more and more leather varieties. It is far from enough to distinguish the authenticity and type from the thickness and density of the pores on the leather surface. Mastering the knowledge of leather distinction, understanding the performance characteristics and expansion strength of leather, are of great help to the design and production of leather goods, the renovation and cleaning and damage repair of the leather care industry, and the purchase and use of leather goods by consumers of leather products.
Looking at the world's leather industry, leather includes genuine leather, recycled leather and artificial leather.
1. Genuine leather is the original skin peeled off from cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer or some other animals. After tanning and processing in tannery, it is made into leather materials with various characteristics, strength, feel, colors and patterns. It is modern Essential material for leather products. Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are the three major skin types used in tanning. The dermis is divided into two types: the first layer of leather and the second layer of leather.
(1) The first layer of skin is grained cow, sheep, pig skin, etc., and the skin has natural scars and blood tendons, and occasionally there are cuts during processing and the belly part with extremely low utilization. The imported first layer leather also has the cow's serial number. Full-grain leather can distinguish animal leather from the thickness and density of pores. There are many types of cowhide, such as cowhide cowhide, beef cowhide, grazing cowhide, cowhide, bullhide, uncastrated bullhide and castrated bullhide. In our country, there are also yellow leather, buffalo leather, yak leather and yak leather. Among them, the pores of buffalo leather are thicker and sparse; yellow leather is thinner and denser than that of buffalo leather. The pores of sheepskin are finer, denser and a little sloping, and there are mainly two types of sheepskin and goatskin. Pig skins are easily distinguished due to the distribution of 3 to 5 hairs in a small number of hairs. Generally, artificially raised pig skins and wild boar skins are commonly used. The famous South American wild boar has obvious characteristics. Pig skin pores and grain characteristics, due to its special collagen fiber tissue structure, can be processed into very soft clothing leather or glove leather, with high value. In addition, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, short-nosed crocodile skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, marine fish skin (including shark skin, cod skin, eel skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc.), freshwater fish skin ( There are grass carp, carp skin and other scaly fish skins), furry fox skins (silver fox skins, blue fox skins, etc.), wolf skins, dog skins, rabbit skins, etc., which are easy to identify and cannot be made into double skins.
The scalp skin is directly processed from the original skins of various animals, or the thicker skins of cows, pigs, horses and other animal skins are dehaired and cut into two layers. Layer of skin.
(2) The two-layer skin is the two-layer part with relatively loose fiber structure, which is processed by spraying chemical materials or covering with PVC or PU film.
Therefore, an effective way to distinguish the first layer of skin and the second layer of skin is to observe the fiber density of the longitudinal section of the skin. The first layer of skin is composed of a dense and thin fiber layer and a slightly loose transition layer closely connected with it. It has the characteristics of good strength, elasticity and process plasticity. The second layer of leather has only a loose fiber structure layer, which can only be used to make leather products after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains certain natural elasticity and technological plasticity characteristics, but its strength is poor, and its thickness is required to be the same as that of the first layer. Same as the skin.
There are also various leathers that are used in popular production today. The leather surface processing technology is somewhat different, but the distinction method is the same.
Here is a detailed introduction to all kinds of leather processed by leather surface:
1. Water-stained leather: refers to a variety of soft leathers processed by bleaching and dyeing various colors with the top layer of cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer, etc., loosening on drums, and polishing.
2. Open-edge bead leather: also known as film leather, it is thrown in half along the spine, and the wrinkled belly and the first layer of the limbs or the second layer of open-sided leather are attached to the surface. All kinds of pure color, metallic color, fluorescent pearl color, magic color two-color or multi-color PVC film is processed.
3. Patent leather: leather made by spraying various color chemical raw materials with two layers of leather blanks and then calendering or matting.
4. Shaved skin: It is a poor first layer of skin. The surface is polished to remove the scars and blood marks on the surface. After spraying with various popular colors, the skin is pressed into a grainy or smooth skin.
5. Embossed leather: generally choose trimmed leather or open edge bead leather to suppress various patterns or patterns. For example, imitation crocodile pattern, lizard pattern, ostrich pattern, python pattern, water ripple, beautiful bark pattern, lychee pattern, imitation deer pattern, etc., as well as various stripes, lattices, three-dimensional patterns or reflect various brands Image of creative patterns, etc.
6. Printed or branded leather: The material selection is the same as the embossed leather, but the processing technology is different. It is printed or ironed into a top layer or two-layer leather with various patterns or patterns.
7. Frosted leather: Polish the leather surface, and abrade the grain scars or rough fibers to expose the neat and moist leather fiber tissue and then dye the top layer into various popular colors.