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There are many kinds
There are natural leather, synthetic leather, imported PU, domestic PU, plastic, cloth, animal fur and so on. The most widely produced and most widely used leather material is cow leather. Cow leather is the most durable, and cowhide from two to three years old is the best. Others such as pig skin, goat skin, snake skin, crocodile skin, etc. are also very durable. The real cowhide bag is based on the first layer of leather. Like my men’s boutique bags, some are equipped with leather, and some GG don’t understand what is with leather. To put it simply, the matching leather is mainly made of rubber and contains cowhide. The quality is very good, not easy to break and not easy to deform. . Strong resistance to weight.
Leather division is the basic knowledge that the leather care industry and consumers need to master. Modern leather processing technology is more and more advanced, and there are more and more leather varieties. It is far from enough to distinguish the authenticity and type from the thickness and density of the pores on the leather surface. Mastering the knowledge of leather distinction, understanding the performance characteristics and expansion strength of leather, are of great help to the design and production of leather goods, the renovation and cleaning and damage repair of the leather care industry, and the purchase and use of leather goods by consumers of leather products.

Looking at the world's leather industry, leather includes genuine leather, recycled leather and artificial leather.
1. Genuine leather is the original skin peeled off from cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer or some other animals. After tanning and processing in tannery, it is made into leather materials with various characteristics, strength, feel, colors and patterns. It is modern Essential material for leather products. Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are the three major skin types used in tanning. The dermis is divided into two types: the first layer of leather and the second layer of leather.
(1) The first layer of skin is grained cow, sheep, pig skin, etc., and the skin has natural scars and blood tendons, and occasionally there are cuts during processing and the belly part with extremely low utilization. The imported first layer leather also has the cow's serial number. Full-grain leather can distinguish animal leather from the thickness and density of pores. There are many types of cowhide, such as cowhide cowhide, beef cowhide, grazing cowhide, cowhide, bullhide, uncastrated bullhide and castrated bullhide. In our country, there are also yellow leather, buffalo leather, yak leather and yak leather. Among them, the pores of buffalo leather are thicker and sparse; yellow leather is thinner and denser than that of buffalo leather. The pores of sheepskin are finer, denser and a little sloping, and there are mainly two types of sheepskin and goatskin. Pig skins are easily distinguished due to the distribution of 3 to 5 hairs in a small number of hairs. Generally, artificially raised pig skins and wild boar skins are commonly used. The famous South American wild boar has obvious characteristics. Pig skin pores and grain characteristics, due to its special collagen fiber tissue structure, can be processed into very soft clothing leather or glove leather, with high value. In addition, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, short-nosed crocodile skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, marine fish skin (including shark skin, cod skin, eel skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc.), freshwater fish skin ( There are grass carp, carp skin and other scaly fish skins), furry fox skins (silver fox skins, blue fox skins, etc.), wolf skins, dog skins, rabbit skins, etc., which are easy to identify and cannot be made into double skins.

The scalp skin is directly processed from the original skins of various animals, or the thicker skins of cows, pigs, horses and other animal skins are dehaired and cut into two layers. Layer of skin.
(2) The two-layer skin is the two-layer part with relatively loose fiber structure, which is processed by spraying chemical materials or covering with PVC or PU film.
Therefore, an effective way to distinguish the first layer of skin and the second layer of skin is to observe the fiber density of the longitudinal section of the skin. The first layer of skin is composed of a dense and thin fiber layer and a slightly loose transition layer closely connected with it. It has the characteristics of good strength, elasticity and process plasticity. The second layer of leather has only a loose fiber structure layer, which can only be used to make leather products after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains certain natural elasticity and technological plasticity characteristics, but its strength is poor, and its thickness is required to be the same as that of the first layer. Same as the skin.
There are also various leathers that are used in popular production today. The leather surface processing technology is somewhat different, but the distinction method is the same.

Here is a detailed introduction to all kinds of leather processed by leather surface:
1. Water-stained leather: refers to a variety of soft leathers processed by bleaching and dyeing various colors with the top layer of cows, sheep, pigs, horses, deer, etc., loosening on drums, and polishing.
2. Open-edge bead leather: also known as film leather, it is thrown in half along the spine, and the wrinkled belly and the first layer of the limbs or the second layer of open-sided leather are attached to the surface. All kinds of pure color, metallic color, fluorescent pearl color, magic color two-color or multi-color PVC film is processed.
3. Patent leather: leather made by spraying various color chemical raw materials with two layers of leather blanks and then calendering or matting.
4. Shaved skin: It is a poor first layer of skin. The surface is polished to remove the scars and blood marks on the surface. After spraying with various popular colors, the skin is pressed into a grainy or smooth skin.
5. Embossed leather: generally choose trimmed leather or open edge bead leather to suppress various patterns or patterns. For example, imitation crocodile pattern, lizard pattern, ostrich pattern, python pattern, water ripple, beautiful bark pattern, lychee pattern, imitation deer pattern, etc., as well as various stripes, lattices, three-dimensional patterns or reflect various brands Image of creative patterns, etc.
6. Printed or branded leather: The material selection is the same as the embossed leather, but the processing technology is different. It is printed or ironed into a top layer or two-layer leather with various patterns or patterns.
7. Frosted leather: Polish the leather surface, and abrade the grain scars or rough fibers to expose the neat and moist leather fiber tissue and then dye the top layer into various popular colors.

Knitted fabric has soft texture, moisture absorption and breathability, excellent elasticity and extensibility, and manufacturability. Knitted clothing is comfortable to wear, fits and fits the body, has no tightness, and can fully embody the curves of the human body.

Modern knitted fabrics are more colorful and have entered the stage of development of multi-functionality and high-grade. New knitted fabrics with various texture effects and different functions have been developed, which bring unprecedented sensory and visual effects to knitwear.
1. Acetate fiber (Acetel) knitted fabric
Acetate fiber has unique properties like real silk, fiber luster and bright color, excellent drape and hand feeling. The knitted fabric produced by it has smooth hand feeling, comfortable wearing, moisture absorption and breathability, light texture, low moisture regain, not easy to pilling, and antistatic. Knitted georgette, popcorn and other fabrics woven with acetate fiber are favored by consumers.
2. Modal fiber knitted fabric
Modal fiber is a new type of environmentally friendly fiber. It combines the comfort of cotton, the drape of viscose, the strength of polyester, and the feel of silk. It also has the softness after washing many times. And bright color. The knitting process still combines the soft and fluffy, high elasticity and comfort characteristics of the fiber with the knitting itself, so that the superior performance of the two complements each other. On the circular knitting machine (large circular knitting machine), single- and double-sided knitted fabrics interwoven with Modal and spandex bare silk are used, which are soft, smooth, elastic, draped, bright, moisture-absorbing and breathable, and have a silk-like feel. , Fashion clothing designed with this kind of fabric can maximize the body curve and sculpt the sexy and charm of female carcass. It is a high-grade knitted clothing favored by avant-garde fashion families.
3. Strong twist combed yarn knitted fabric
The cool hemp-type knitted fabric made of strong twisted combed yarn not only has the feeling of hemp yarn, but also has good cool and hygroscopicity, especially the twisted real silk. It is an ideal high-end knitted fabric. In addition to the excellent performance of real silk, the fabric It feels fuller, has a firmer body, has good dimensional stability, and has good crepe resistance. It is an ideal fabric for high-end professional wear and casual wear.
4. Coolmax fiber knitted fabric
The Coolmax fiber with four grooves can quickly drain the sweat produced by the human body to the surface of the clothing to evaporate, keeping the skin fresh and making the activity more comfortable. It has good moisture conductivity, and the knitted fabric interwoven with cotton fiber has good moisture conductivity. It is widely used to sew T-shirts and sportswear.
5. Recycled green fiber Lyocel knitted fabric
Knitted jersey (jersey), rib, double rib (cotton wool) and other fabrics made of recycled green fiber Lyocell, Tencel and bare spandex yarn. Soft texture, smooth surface, good elasticity, elegant product style , With the appearance of silk, good drape, air permeability and washing stability, it is an ideal high-end fabric for designing popular tight fashion, casual wear and sportswear.
6. Flash knitted fabric
It has a glittering effect and has always been the favorite of fashion designers. In the circular knitting machine (large circular knitting machine), gold and silver silk materials are used to interweave with other textile materials. The surface of the fabric has a strong reflective flashing effect or the gold plating method is used to show various patterns of flash on the knitted fabric The opposite side of the fabric is flat, soft and comfortable, which is a better knitted garment fabric. The tight-fitting women’s fashion and evening dresses designed with this kind of knitted fabrics will show the brilliance, luxurious and beautiful charm of knitted fabrics through the dazzling and romantic style of flashing fabrics, and show the style of knitted apparel in all directions, which provides products for development Broad prospects.

In fact, the way to distinguish between good and bad fabrics is actually very simple.

The first is cotton. In fact, pure cotton bai cloth has a soft luster, soft hand feel, poor elasticity, and wrinkles easily. After squeezing the fabric tightly and loosening it, obvious wrinkles can be seen, and the wrinkles are not easy to restore to their original shape. The luster of polyester-cotton blended fabric is brighter than pure cotton fabric, and the fabric surface is flat without yarn ends or impurities. It feels smooth, crisp, and has better elasticity than pure cotton. After squeezing the fabric tightly, loosen it, the crease is not obvious, and it is easy to return to its original shape. The problem of shrinkage and deformation is not easy to see, only if you have washed it. There is also the popular cotton spandex, 95% cotton and 5% spandex are more common. Good cotton spandex has good elasticity and is not easy to deform without losing the feel of cotton.

Then there is silk. The surface of the silk is smooth and clean, with soft luster, bright and pure colors. The hand feels smooth and soft, and the appearance is light and elegant. In dry conditions, the silk surface has a handle feeling when you touch it, and there is a "silk hum" when it is torn; the artificial silk surface is bright but not soft, and the color is bright. Although the hand feel is relatively soft, it is not as light and elegant as the silk. After pinching the silk surface, loosen it, there are creases, and the recovery is slow. Hoarse voice when tearing. The warp and weft yarns are easy to break when they get wet.

Then there is knitting. Knitting is usually divided into two types: cotton and wool. Cotton knitted sweaters feel soft. The biggest problem is that they may become loose after a long time. Therefore, you must pay attention to choosing a fine weave and stretch it by hand. The elasticity is better than it is easy to loose; In addition to the excellent cashmere, woolen sweaters will have a slight feel. If they are not 100% pure wool, they will also face the danger of pilling. If they are rubbed hard in an inconspicuous place, there will be pilling. Certainly cannot withstand the test of time.

Then there is wool. There are two methods for distinguishing good or bad wool:

One is to look at the feel. The pure wool fabric feels smooth to the touch and feels tingling against the wool. And some blended or purified fiber products are not soft, some are too soft and loose, and have a sticky feeling.

The second is to look at the color. The color of pure wool fabric is natural and soft, bright and without old feeling. In contrast, blended or purified fiber fabrics have darker gloss or a sense of flashing color.

The third is flexibility. Squeeze the object tightly with your hands, then release it immediately to see the elasticity of the fabric. Pure wool fabrics have a high resilience rate and can quickly return to their original shape, while blended or chemical fiber products have poor wrinkle resistance, and most of them have more obvious wrinkle marks.

Finally, talk about metal fabrics. In fact, what many people don’t know is that metal fabrics are actually divided into two types: metal wire interwoven fabrics and metal coatings. If metal wire interwoven fabrics feel tangled to the touch, you must not buy them; if the coated fabrics are too shiny If it is too dazzling, it will look very cheap. Take a breath on the back of the fabric. If you don't feel breathable, it also proves that the quality of the coated fabric is poor.

All in all, for different types of fabrics, the ways to distinguish between good and bad are actually different. You have a lot of knowledge, and you can only know which fabric is better and which fabric is defective.

Home textile products are indispensable products in people's lives. Home textile products of various fabrics are also dazzling. So which fabric is the most suitable for us? Here are some home textile fabrics? What are the characteristics of these home textile fabrics.

Home textile fabric 1. Pure cotton is very soft
Pure cotton feels good, comfortable to use, easy to dye, rich in pattern varieties, soft and warm, strong hygroscopicity, washable, and low static electricity. It is a widely used material for bedding; but it is easy to wrinkle, easy to shrink, and has poor elasticity. Acid and alkali resistant, it is not suitable to be processed for a long time at a high temperature above 100 degrees Celsius, so it is best to spray wet cotton products when ironing, and it is easy to iron. If possible, use a steam iron to iron the product after each use, the effect will be better.

Home textile fabric 2. Silk is the smoothest
The silk is gorgeous and rich in appearance, has natural soft light and shimmering effects, feels comfortable, has high strength, and has better elasticity and moisture absorption than cotton, but it is easy to get dirty and has worse heat resistance to strong sunlight than cotton. The cross-section of the fiber is a unique triangle, and the reflection of light changes after partial moisture absorption, which is easy to form water stains and is difficult to eliminate. Therefore, the silk fabric should be covered with white cloth when ironing.

Home textile fabric 3. Jacquard cotton is thicker
The high-count and high-density jacquard cotton fabric has a particularly large warp and weft density and rich weave changes, so the fabric feels thick, has good durability, and has a high surface finish. It is a more advanced kind of pure cotton fabric.

Home textile fabrics 4. Yarn-dyed cotton is easy to shrink
Yarn-dyed cotton is a kind of pure cotton fabric, which is woven with warp and weft yarns of different colors. Because dyeing first and weaving later, the dye permeability is strong, the color fastness is good, and the different-color yarn fabric has a strong three-dimensional effect and a unique style. The bedding is mostly expressed in striped patterns. It has the characteristics of pure cotton fabric, but usually shrinks more.

Home textile fabrics 5. Polyester cotton is affordable
Polyester-cotton brand products generally use polyester-cotton fabrics with a ratio of 65% polyester and 35% cotton. Polyester-cotton is divided into two types: plain and twill. The plain-weave polyester-cotton fabric has a thin surface, good strength and abrasion resistance, and extremely low shrinkage. The appearance of the finished product is not easy to lose shape, and the price is affordable. It has good durability, but it is not as comfortable and fit as pure cotton. In addition, because polyester is not easy to dye, polyester-cotton fabrics are mostly light and light-toned, which is more suitable for spring and summer. Twill weave is usually denser than plain weave, so it looks dense and thick, and its surface gloss and feel are better than plain weave.

The type of fabric is one of the important factors affecting the grade of clothing, and different types of fabrics directly lead to huge differences in clothing prices. In real life, because cotton and hemp are both cellulose fibers, coupled with the current high-tech textile technology, there are many similarities in appearance and feel. However, the price of cotton fiber clothing and hemp fiber clothing is very large. difference.

Method/Step
Look at the trademark
Generally, there are ingredient signs on clothes. Looking at the signs is the most direct and effective way. If it is pure cotton fabric, it should appear fabric (FABRIC) 100% cotton (COTTON), if it is pure linen fabric, it should appear fabric (FABRIC) 100% Hemp (RAMIE).

Sense of wearing
Hemp fiber dissipates heat faster than cotton fiber, so it feels cool to wear. Hemp fiber is longer and smoother than cotton fiber, so the fabric gloss is slightly higher. The drape of hemp fiber fabric is better than that of cotton fiber fabric.

Combustion test
Both cotton fiber and hemp fiber burn immediately near the flame and burn quickly, with a yellow flame and blue smoke. The difference between the burning smell and the ashes after burning is: cotton burns and emits the smell of paper, hemp burns and emits the smell of plant ash; after burning, cotton has very little powder ashes, which is black or gray, and hemp produces a small amount of off-white powder.

Penetration test
Hemp fiber has better water absorption than cotton fiber. Use clear water droplets on the fabric to see how fast the water droplets disappear.